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'The Future of Transport Modality' Magnets Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS) Magnetic Lines of Force Maglev Track Forces in Magnetic Fields Definition: Any object that has a magnetic field. (Attracts objects such as iron, and steel) based on the attractive forces of electromagnets The train levitates due to the attraction of The path the magnet moves in due to the magnetic field is called a magnetic line of force. Opposites Attract, Likes Repel Maglev Trains Electromagnets magnets located on the track and on the carriage of the train The attraction of these magnets causes the train to levitate approximately 10 mm away from the track. Magnetic field - Uses Types: Permanent (Hard) Temporary (Soft) Electromagnets History of Maglev 2004 - Shanghai Maglev Train 2005 - Linimo (Japan) Maglev Today Magnets for transportation proposed 1934: Hermann Kemper receives patent for 'floating monorail' Commercial Use 1971: First presentation of commuter maglev train Electrodynamic Suspension Future Plans Relies on magnetic repulsion Safer and faster than EMS Requires 'wheels' Inductrack Electromagnets used for: 1. Levitation 2. Propulsion Guidance Guidance electromagnets on the train interact with the ferromagnetic rails to guide and center the train Completely passive magnetic levitation system.

Achieve levitation through the use of unpowered loops of wire and permanent magnets. Permanent magnets are arranged in a Halbach array. Recent development Propulsion SwissRapide UK Ultraspeed Maglev Trains 1.- Introduction 2.- History 3.- Types of technology 4.- Advantages and disadvantages Electromagnetic magnets on the road and under the train Repulsion Attraction 1966: first system for Maglev Trains 1975 (Germany), 1984 (United Kingdom) -SPEED -ENERGY EFFICIENCY -INEXPENSIVE -CRASH PROTECTION -JOB OPPORTUNITIES -NOISELESS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES -SUPPLIES -IGNORANCE -DIFFICULT TO SWITCH FROM REGULAR TO MAGLEV -CRASHES MagLev = Mag netic Lev itation -Zehdan, A. Electric traction apparatus. Patent 782,312, filed June 21, 1902. Laithwaite, Eric “Linear Motors for High-Speed Vehicles.” New Scientist Vol 58, No 852, 28 June 1973: p.'

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The magnetic attraction of trains,' BBC News Online, November 9, 1999. “Maglev Technology Explained.” North American Maglev Transport Institute. January 1, 2011. “Magnetic levitation.” “In pictures: German train crash,” BBC News Online, September 22, 2006. Accessed September 13, 2012.References.